Months-long seismicity transients preceding the 2023 MW 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake, Türkiye – Nature Communications
Mignan, A. The debate on the prognostic value of earthquake foreshocks: a meta-analysis. Sci. Rep. 4, 4099 (2014).
Google Scholar
Bouchon, M., Durand, V., Marsan, D., Karabulut, H. & Schmittbuhl, J. The long precursory phase of most large interplate earthquakes. Nat. Geosci. 6, 299–302 (2013).
Google Scholar
Kato, A. et al. Propagation of slow slip leading up to the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Science 335, 705–708 (2012).
Google Scholar
Schurr, B. et al. Gradual unlocking of plate boundary-controlled initiation of the 2014 Iquique earthquake. Nature 512, 299–302 (2014).
Google Scholar
Socquet, A. et al. An 8-month slow slip event triggers progressive nucleation of the 2014 Chile megathrust. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44, 4046–4053 (2017).
Google Scholar
Ellsworth, W. L. & Beroza, G. C. Seismic evidence for an earthquake nucleation phase. Science 268, 851–855 (1995).
Google Scholar
Ben-Zion, Y. & Zaliapin, I. Spatial variations of rock damage production by earthquakes in southern California. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 512, 184–193 (2019).
Google Scholar
Ben-Zion, Y. & Zaliapin, I. Localization and coalescence of seismicity before large earthquakes. Geophys. J. Int. 223, 561–583 (2020).
Google Scholar
Kato, A., & Ben-Zion, Y. The generation of large earthquakes. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 2, 26–39 (2020).
Pritchard, M. E. et al. New opportunities to study earthquake precursors. Seismol. Res. Lett. 91, 2444–2447 (2020).
Google Scholar
Inan, S., Ergintav, S., Saatçilar, R., Tüzel, B. & İravul, Y. Turkey makes major investment in earthquake research, Eos Trans. AGU 88, 333–334 (2007).
Melgar, D. et al Sub- and super-shear ruptures during the 2023 Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.6 earthquake doublet in SE Türkiye. Seismica (2023)
Toda, S. et al. Stress change calculations provide clues to aftershocks in 2023 Türkiye earthquakes. Temblor (2023).
Eberhart-Phillips, D. et al. The 2002 Denali Fault earthquake, Alaska: a large magnitude, slip-partitioned event. Science 300, 1113–1118 (2003).
Google Scholar
Cesca, S. et al. Complex rupture process of the Mw 7.8, 2016, Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand, and its aftershock sequence. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 478, 110–120 (2017).
Google Scholar
McKenzie, D. The East Anatolian Fault: a major structure in Eastern Turkey. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 29, 189–193 (1976).
Google Scholar
Aktug, B. et al. Slip rates and seismic potential on the East Anatolian Fault System using an improved GPS velocity field. J. Geodyn. 94-95, 1–12 (2016).
Google Scholar
Ambraseys, N. N. & Jackson, J. A. Faulting associated with historical and recent earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Geophys. J. Int. 133, 390–406 (1998).
Google Scholar
Ambraseys, N. N. & Melville, C. P. Historical evidence of faulting in eastern Anatolia and northern Syria. Ann. Geophys. 38, 337–343 (1995).
Google Scholar
Duman, T. Y. & Emre, Ö. The East Anatolian Fault: geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 372, 495–529 (2013).
Google Scholar
Konca, A. O. et al. From interseismic deformation with near-repeating earthquakes to co-seismic rupture: a unified view of the 2020 MW6.8 Sivrice (Elazıg) Eastern Turkey Earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. 126-10, e2021JB021830 (2021).
Google Scholar
Senturk, S., Çakir, Z. Ergintav, S. & Karabulut, H. Reactivation of the Adıyaman Fault (Turkey) through the Mw 5.7 2007 Sivrice earthquake: an oblique listric normal faulting within the Arabian-Anatolian plate boundary observed by InSAR. J. Geodyn. 131, 101654 (2019).
Ben-Zion, Y. & Sammis, C. G. Characterization of fault zones. Pure Appl. Geophys. 160, 677–715 (2003).
Google Scholar
Khalifa, A., Çakir, Z., Owen, L. & Kaya, Ş. Morphotectonic analysis of the East Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Turkish J. Earth Sci. 27, p110–p126 (2018).
Google Scholar
Güvercin, S. E., Karabulut, H., Konca, A. Ö., Doğan, U. & Ergintav, S. Active seismotectonics of the East Anatolian Fault. Geophys. J. Int. 230, 50–69 (2022).
Google Scholar
Wiemer, S. & Wyss, M. Minimum magnitude of completeness in earthquake catalogs: examples from Alaska, the Western United States & Japan. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 90, 859–869 (2000).
Google Scholar
Scholz, C. H. On the stress dependence of the earthquake b-value. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2014, GL062863 (2015).
Main, I. G. A modified Griffith criterion for the evolution of damage with a fractal distribution of crack lengths: application to seismic event rates and b-values. Geophys. J. Int. 107, 353–362 (1991).
Google Scholar
Zhu, W. & Beroza, G. C. PhaseNet: a deep-neural-network-based seismic arrival-time picking method. Geophys. J. Int. 216, 261–273 (2019).
Google Scholar
Zhu, W., McBrearty, I. W., Mousavi, S. M., Ellsworth, W. L. & Beroza, G. C. Earthquake phase association using a Bayesian Gaussian mixture model. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 127, e2021JB023249 (2022).
Google Scholar
Martínez-Garzón, P., Beroza, G. C., Bocchini, G. M. & Bohnhoff, M. Sea level changes affect seismicity rates in a hydrothermal system near Istanbul. Geophys. Res. Lett. 50, e2022GL101258 (2023).
Google Scholar
Lomax, A., J. Virieux, P. Volant, & C. Berge. in Advances in Seismic Event Location (eds Thurber, C. H. & Rabinowitz, N.) 101–134 (Kluwer, 2000).
Waldhauser, F. & Ellsworth, W. L. A double-difference earthquake location algorithm: method and application to the northern Hayward fault. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 90, 1353–1368 (2000).
Google Scholar
Petersen, G. M. et al. The 2023 Southeast Türkiye seismic sequence: rupture of a complex fault network. Seismic Rec. 3, 134–143 (2023).
Google Scholar
McLaskey, G. C. Earthquake initiation from laboratory observations and implications for foreshocks. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 124, 12882–12904 (2019).
Google Scholar
Dresen, G., Kwiatek, G., Goebel, T. & Ben-Zion, Y. Seismic and aseismic preparatory processes before large stick–slip failure. Pure Appl. Geophys. 177, 5741–5760 (2020).
Google Scholar
Cattania, C. & Segall, P. Precursory slow slip and foreshocks on rough faults. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 126, e2020JB020430 (2021).
Google Scholar
Bulut, F. et al. The East Anatolian Fault Zone: seismotectonic setting and spatiotemporal characteristics of seismicity based on precise earthquake locations. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (2012).
Huang, H., Meng, L., Bürgmann, R., Wang, W. & Wang, K. Spatio-temporal foreshock evolution of the 2019 M 6.4 and M 7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquakes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 551, 116582 (2020).
Google Scholar
Ellsworth, W. L. & Bulut, F. Nucleation of the 1999 Izmit earthquake by a triggered cascade of foreshocks. Nat. Geosci. 11, 531 (2018).
Google Scholar
Yoon, C. E., Yoshimitsu, N., Ellsworth, W. L. & Beroza, G. C. Foreshocks and mainshock nucleation of the 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, Earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 124, 1569–1582 (2019).
Google Scholar
Manighetti, I., Campillo, M., Bouley, S. & Cotton, F. Earthquake scaling, fault segmentation, and structural maturity. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 253, 429–438 (2007).
Google Scholar
Martínez-Garzón, P., Bohnhoff, M., Ben-Zion, Y. & Dresen, G. Scaling of maximum observed magnitudes with geometrical and stress properties of strike-slip faults. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2015, GL066478 (2015).
Kato, A., Fukuda, J., Kumazawa, T. & Nakagawa, S. Accelerated nucleation of the 2014 Iquique, Chile Mw 8.2 earthquake. Sci. Rep. 6, 24792 (2016).
Google Scholar
Xu, S. et al. Fault strength and rupture process controlled by fault surface topography. Nat. Geosci. (2023).
Goebel, T. H. W., Kwiatek, G., Becker, T. W., Brodsky, E. E. & Dresen, G. What allows seismic events to grow big?: insights from b-value and fault roughness analysis in laboratory stick-slip experiments. Geology 45, 815–818 (2017).
Google Scholar
Kwiatek, G. et al. Complex multi-scale preparatory processes of stick-slip events on rough laboratory faults. ESS Open Archive. (2023).
Ben-Zion, Y., Eneva, M. & Liu, Y. Large earthquake cycles and intermittent criticality on heterogeneous faults due to evolving stress and seismicity. J. Geophys. Res. (2003)
Danciu, L. et al. The 2020 Update of the European Seismic Hazard Model: Model Overview. EFEHR Technical Report 001, v1.0.0. (EFEHR, 2021).
Chiaraluce, L., Collettini, C., Cattaneo, M. & Monachesi, G. The shallow boreholes at The AltotiBerina near fault Observatory (TABOO; northern Apennines of Italy). Sci. Drill. 17, 31–35 (2014). 2014.
Google Scholar
Bohnhoff, M. et al. GONAF-the borehole Geophysical Observatory at the North Anatolian Fault in the eastern Sea of Marmara. Sci. Drill. 5, 1–10 (2017).
Ben-Zion, Y., Beroza, G. C., Bohnhoff, M., Gabriel, A. A. & Mai, P. M. A grand challenge international infrastructure for earthquake science. Seismol. Soc. Am. 93, 2967–2968 (2022).
Disaster and Emergency Management Authority. Turkish National Seismic Network [Dataset]. Department of Earthquake, Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (1990). (1990).
Tan, O. A homogeneous earthquake catalogue for Turkey. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 21, 2059–2073 (2021).
Google Scholar
Hanks, T. C. & Kanamori, H. A moment magnitude scale. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 2348–2350 (1979).
Google Scholar
Ester, M., Kriegel, H.-P., Sander, J. & Xiaowei, X. A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise. In Proc. Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery in Databases and Data Mining 226–231 (OSTI, 1996).
van der Elst, N. J. B-positive: a robust estimator of aftershock magnitude distribution in transiently incomplete catalogs. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 126, e2020JB021027 (2021).
Google Scholar
Kwiatek, G. et al. Limited earthquake interaction during a geothermal hydraulic stimulation in Helsinki, Finland. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 127, e2022JB024354 (2022).
Google Scholar
van der Elst, N. J. & Brodsky, E. E. Connecting near-field and far-field earthquake triggering to dynamic strain. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (2010).
Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Boğaziçi University. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI) [Dataset]. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. (1971).
Lomax, A., Michelini, A. & Curtis, A. in Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science, Part 5 2449–2473 (Springer, 2009).
Emre, Ö. et al. Active fault database of Turkey. Bull. Earthq. Eng. 16, 3229–3275 (2018).
Google Scholar